Law of Equity & Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of Equity and Trust - Essay Example The new standards of value are currently in power since past ones are old dated. The accomplishment of value is the introduction of Trust1. To the extent the utilization of Trust Law is concerned, it should rest trust and trust in some other individual to deal with their issues. The law of value oversees connections and trust gives modalities to deal with various circumstances, family connections, noble cause, annuity reserves etc2. Cardinal Principle According to the law of value, a trust is lawfully enforceable by the recipients against the trustees gave it is made serious extent of aim; conviction of subject just as article (the instance of Knight V Knight (1840)3can be alluded here. Three components in a trust are obligatory a) conviction of expectation, which guarantees that the obligation of a trustee or trustees is plainly characterized, the route planned by the departed benefactor. It separates move through trust rather than outright blessing. The second obligatory prerequisi te is the sureness of topic (alludes Palmer v Simmonds (1854)4 and the permissible advantageous interests (alludes Boyce v Boyce (1849)5, Re Challoner Club Ltd (1997)6 and Margulies v Margulies (2000)7) are equipped of being sure. This guarantees exact extent of trustee’s Dr678uties under a trust. ... Road to be hung on trust for my kids and further that he will get a sensible piece of the benefit according to the redevelopment of Lister Heights. The manner in the desire of Junaid is clear as far as expected trust. The facts confirm that the word ‘trust’ doesn't mean a burden of trust in law (Tito v Waddell (No 2) (1977)9 may please make an effort to remain alluded); there is auxiliary alternative in this regard. The topic is sure, accepting that Junaid similarly, the topic of the trust is sure, continually expecting that the benefits are in presence. Subsequently, there is no trouble to give intrigue given to the indentified people in the will appropriately. The demeanor will be operational under the Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 199610. Here for this situation, Philip is the closest companion of departed benefactor, whom Junaid had given the rights to have the business property at 22 and 24 at Shipley Street to deal with the enthusiasm of his youngst ers. To begin with, it is important to decide the idea of the trust influencing the two houses as this will help decide if there is assurance of objects of the reversionary class. It would be ideal if you remember this that the trustees have no position to allot the property held in trust among the youngsters. Nonetheless, it might isolate it similarly among the youngsters as per the demeanor of will. Take the case of IRC v Broadway Cottages Trust (1955)11. The official courtroom centers around the legitimacy or shortcoming of the obligations as counted in the trust. The religion of an individual doesn't make a difference in choosing the issue whether the person in question be a partisan as far as catholic or protestant religion in their convictions. The court while choosing the instances of trust should maintain the laws and the condition

Negative Peer Pressure Essay -- Peer Pressure Speech

Go on. Everyone's doing it. It's just one beverage. You're such a failure. I didn't have the foggiest idea what to do. Every one of these voices were rehashing themselves again and again in my mind. I would not like to surrender to them since I recognized what I was doing wasn't right. I didn't need everybody to think I was frightened however imagine a scenario in which my folks discovered. What was I doing here? Are these individuals actually my companions in the event that they are truly doing this to me? These were the indispensable inquiries that I didn't have a clue about the responses to. I knew in my heart it wasn't right yet I yielded. This is normally the run of the mill result of a scene like this. It is called peer pressure. It tends to be camouflaged in a wide range of structures. In this article I am going to take a gander at various manners by which young people can be affected by peer pressure. Numerous young people explore different avenues regarding cigarettes, medications or liquor. It is likely that they take their first cigarette, drink or medication due to pressure from companions or companions. The impact of companions who smoke is the fundamental explanation young people start, despite the fact that you are additionally bound to begin if your folks do. Cigarettes, similar to liquor, are an obtained taste yet more than eight for each penny of individuals who smoke in their teenagers become for all time snared. Regularly youths drink to feel not so much awkward but rather more loose with companions and peers and in light of the fact that they are urged to do as such by different youngsters. Standard extreme drinking can prompt poor school work, social and passionate issues, the utilization of different medications and some of the time even self destruction, The primary contrast between liquor or cigarettes and different medications is that once you are over a particular age you can lawfully purchase liquor and cigarett... ...y create different side effects for example, cerebral pains or stomachaches. A few victims feel shy of vitality what's more, need to rest constantly; others will experience issues in dozing and turn out to be exceptionally drained. Tiredness, absence of intrigue and trouble in concentrating can influence homework. Discouraged individuals regularly lose enthusiasm for side interests and exercises and feel cut off from the individuals around them. They feel useless and accept they have no capacity to change the circumstance they are in. some youngsters go to medication or liquor misuse, dozing around, wrongdoing, playing hooky or fleeing from home. These would all be able to be methods of diverting themselves from their emotions. Despondency must be paid attention to and victims need to look for prompt assistance. Guiding, psychotherapy or in some cases medicine can make recuperation speedier and simpler.

Essay Topics on Poverty - How To Select The Best Topics For Your Essay

Essay Topics on Poverty - How To Select The Best Topics For Your EssayA poor grade in your state or national essay competition may be a result of your essay topics on poverty. Poor essay topics can be as simple as poverty in your community or a group of friends and family living in the same home. It can also include a less well-known issue such as the impact of poverty on children. The topic of poverty may not be the only reason you did poorly, but it is one of the most common reasons.The first thing to remember when submitting your essay topics on poverty is that you must choose your subject matter carefully. Remember, this is the first impression that an instructor will make on the students. If the topic of your essay is chosen incorrectly, the instructor will probably be less likely to consider it for an exception. Not only does a poor essay topic show weakness of your essay, but it also shows that the instructor may view the essay as unserious and lacking in originality. A good e ssay topic should be well thought out and allow for various opinions as well as strong writing skills.You can't assume that writing an essay about poverty is easy, but you shouldn't despair if you don't know exactly what you are doing. One of the best ways to find essays on poverty is to visit various sites that offer subjects on teaching and reading. On the other hand, you can also choose to search online for a topic of your own.Many individuals who want to submit their essays on poverty often feel as though poor essay topics are difficult to find. There are websites which offer easy ways to write essay topics on poverty, but these are not always recommended. A more convenient way to find essays on poverty is to use e-mail and online community websites. Although e-mail is not nearly as helpful as a website, it is easier to use and offers a wider range of topics.Of course, the very fact that essay topics on poverty may be hard to find is not a reason for a student to give up. These students can still achieve great grades by taking advantage of essay forums. Once again, it helps to read several articles before starting your essay topic research.In addition to reading articles and forums, it is important to take notes on the various topics. Whether you choose to use a pen or a computer, it is important to keep in mind what other individuals have written in a similar situation. It is often best to write an essay from the perspective of a 'moral outsider,' meaning that you should focus on the subject matter and not necessarily on what your point of view is on the topic.If you are looking for essay topics on poverty, you may have difficulty narrowing down the topics to a few. You can work with an experienced writer who has experience working with many students. Often, they can provide suggestions about how to write a perfect essay topic on a variety of topics. After all, the goal is to write a quality essay, not merely to meet a deadline.It is very important to rem ember that a poor grade in your essay topics on poverty may not be due to poor writing skills or a lack of knowledge. You must choose the topic carefully. By using an essay forum, you can be certain that you will be included in a large group of readers who are writing about a variety of topics. If you do not have the skills or experience to write about a subject, you may want to consider one of the large groups that has experienced writers who can help you prepare for the essay writing process.

Spanish Shawl Nudibranch - Flabellina iodinea Profile

The Spanish shawl nudibranch (Flabellina iodinea), also known as the purple aeolis, is a striking nudibranch, with a purple or bluish body, red rhinophores and orange cerata. Spanish shawl nudibranchs can grow to about 2.75 inches in length. Unlike some nudibranchs, which remain on their chosen substrate, this nudibranch can swim in the water column by flexing its body from side to side in a u-shape. Click here for a video of a Spanish shawl nudibranch swimming. Seeing this nudibranch swimming may remind you of the fringed shawls worn by Flamenco dancers, for which this nudibranch gets its name.    Classification:    Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: MolluscaClass: GastropodaOrder: NudibranchiaFamily: FlabellinoideaGenus: Flabellinaspecies: iodinea    Habitat and Distribution: You might think of a colorful creature like this as inaccessible - but Spanish shawl nudibranchs are found in relatively shallow water in the Pacific Ocean from British Columbia, Canada to the Galapagos Islands. They can be found in intertidal areas out to a water depth of about 130 feet. Feeding: This nudibranch feeds on a species of hydroid (Eudendrium ramosum), which possesses a pigment called astaxanthin. This pigment gives the Spanish shawl nudibranch its brilliant color. In the Spanish shawl nudibranch, the astaxanthin shows up in 3 different states, creating the purple, orange and red colors found on this species. Astaxanthin is also found in other marine creatures, including lobsters (which contributes to the lobsters red appearance when cooked), krill, and salmon. Reproduction:    Nudibranchs are hermaphroditic - they poses reproductive organs of both sexes, so they can mate opportunistically when another nudibranch is nearby. Mating occurs when two nudibranchs get together - the reproductive organs are on the right side of the body, so the nudibranchs match up their right sides. Usually both animals pass sperm sacs through a tube, and eggs are laid. Nudibranchs may be found first by seeing their eggs - if you see eggs, the adults who laid them may be nearby. The Spanish shawl nudibranch lays ribbons of eggs that are pinkish-orange in color, and are often found on the hydroids upon which it preys. After about a week, the eggs develop into free-swimming veligers, which eventually settle on the ocean bottom as a miniature nudibranch that grows into a larger adult.    Sources:    Goddard, J.H.R. 2000. Flabellina iodinea (Cooper, 1862).  Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Accessed November 11, 2011.McDonald, G. Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.  Accessed November 11, 2011.Rosenberg, G. and Bouchet, P. 2011. Flabellina iodinea (J. G. Cooper, 1863). World Register of Marine Species. Accessed on November 14, 2011.SeaLifeBase. Flabellina iodinea. Accessed November 14, 2011.

The Difference between a Molecule and a Compound

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms of an element chemically join together. And a compound is a type of molecule, in which the types of atoms forming the molecule are different from each other. Not all molecules are compounds, because some molecules, such as hydrogen gas or ozone, consist only of one element, of only one type of atom. Molecule Examples Some examples of molecules include: Water: H2OOxygen: O2Ozone: O3 Compound Examples Some examples of compounds include: Salt: NaClWater: H2O

Learning Theory And Its Impact On Education - 1364 Words

Learning is essential in today’s society as education becomes significant as economy advances. How each learns varies, and there are different approaches used for learning. Learning leads to enduring change in a person, and it is quite a dynamic process where the knowledge and skills to the learner are different after the learning. Learning theories as the conceptual frameworks that describe ways in which information gets absorbed, processed as well as retained in a learning process. Getting an understanding of knowledge development enables the teacher define methodology; to ensure effective teaching, attending to how the learner learns ensures that the practices used by the teacher are enhanced. Constructivism theory was pioneered by†¦show more content†¦The Darwinian thinking was also incorporated by Brunner in his basic assumptions on learning. He supposed that prime evolution and human culture were necessary for understanding growth and development. Individual differences and lack of standard sequence is also a basis for thinking. He implements the concept that culture moulds mind and gives a raw material for constricting the world and self-conception (Bruner, 2009). The characteristics of the Bruner’s theory include; †¢ Predisposition to learn that states that experience moves the learner towards the desire of learning. †¢ The structure of knowledge; knowledge allows learner to be able to grasp ready information. The structures vary, and preferences also vary. †¢ The modes of representations in learning are words, visuals, and symbols †¢ Effective sequencing; there is no specific sequence that will fit every learner. Sequencing can ease making learning cumbersome. The constructivist view learning as a means for mental construction through combination of already existing knowledge with fresh information to create a meaning. The theorist gave a proposal the learning is active, involves contextual process, social activity geared on getting a meaning and the learner becomes a responsible agent contextualize what is perceived and understood in the surrounding. The learner gets to interact with the immediate environment to conceptualize. Constructivism is divided into cognitive and

Theory Relating to Adaptation and Arbitrage- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTheory Relating to Adaptation and Arbitrage. Answer: Introduction The main aim of any international strategy is to manage in an efficient manner which is with variations or modification that stem up in the global markets. The report will discuss in detail about the present new setup or framework with AAA model based on adaptation, arbitration and aggregation have been based on different kind of decipher related to small details of the model. However, with the help of adaption, companies focus to improve the overall revenue system and the market share with the help of increasing the present importance. The aggregation focuses on providing or bringing economies of scale by creating international and domestic operations. In the end, arbitrage is all about exploiting all kind of disparities which is present in national as well domestic market spectrums (Mabonga, 2015). Because many organizations must formulate strategies on the basis of all the three kind of As, the similar kind of framework must be used for the growth as well as creating a scorecard o f the overall summary which shows how organizations are operating in the international presence. In fact, it is important to keep with the present case with strategic options for rise in the degree of prioritized along with a framework that can provide a lot of assistance also. Execution of Adaptation Strategy Tourism Sector The hospitality sector can be identified as one of the most sensitive area which also makes sure that the supplies are given in the form of number of tourism operators and at the same time also demand associated stakeholders in tourism industry which directly influence so many concerns that directly get impacted by the tourism industry. The present domain also entails on so many other complicated components that it is difficult for the companies like Kensington Tours and many more to function on international status along with the regional market. The main focus of OAT is to become the world leader in tourism industry and this way providing an impactful as well as intercultural experience to customers (Mabonga, 2015). The company are also relies on the cycle of macroeconomics of the current industry by keeping up with all the trends and demand. It is also crucial to understand that all kind of parallel or attached sectors put some kind of pressure by playing a vital role in the perfo rmance of this industry. Elements like product innovation, growth as well as demand on the basis of season are crucial factors that influence the industry in so many different manners. In order to adjust with the modifications, the current hotel sectors start different kind of tactics (Morschett et al., 2015). Execution of Adaptation Strategy Beverage Sector Australian food and beverage sector is constantly experiencing distinct form of tools of so many proportions. The present market situation and difficulties also contribute to the operations of different entities working or operating in the particular industry. For example, the company like Coca-Cola focuses to start strategies related to packaging as well as also offer health based products in keeping the present treads along with customer centricity is concerned. This company has also launched the concept of Coke Life in the country which in itself is a version of the main company and which also bears few amount of calories as well as has natural flavors along with it (Morschett et al., 2015). All top management is also expected to rake up the organization based profit to over hundred million Australian Dollars. This is also related to saving cost and taking right kind of measures which will persist for few years in future. At the same time, the company is also hoping to make some i nroad towards the New Zealand market and other similar market place of region near Australia which in turn also help in boosting the overall sales of the company in near future. In addition, the beer market in the country is also in development phase. But, in the current light of globalization and slowdown on economic front, customers are changing the lifestyles based on varied drinking habits. Therefore, the company further aims to target the group by introducing Carlton based lights which can boost the chances of company in the marketplace. The specific product has also focused on different segments wherein the present potential customer includes corporate executives, women and young people (Lee et al., 2015). Execution of Aggregation Strategy in Tourism Sector The present aggregation methods are connected with overcoming different kind of changes by executing means of cross border. The main aim of such tools is to test as well as exploit same features based on creation of economies of scale. The tourism industry in Australia relies on aggregation strategy in the present business culture. The tourism industry of Australia is further fragmented with small as well medium scale companies which also fulfills in the present context of Overseas Adventure Travel. The company is aiming to get more engaged in function by introducing the packages based touring schemes as well as suburban islands of the country including so many exotic destination like Queensland and many more (Ghemawat and Altman, 2016). In companies like Kensington Tours, the main focus is to introduce a package which is cost effective and also low scale in so many neighboring places like Sydney, Ayer Rock and Auckland. This further assists the company to gain maximum profit regardless of all the changes or differences of the preferences of the country. In addition, OAT Company utilizes international and corporate based branding in the present services. Such kind of strategies also makes sure that the creation of important economies of scale (Bertrand et al., 2015). Execution of Aggregation Strategy- Beverage Sector The present beverage sector is mainly dependent on aggregation strategy of the culture. The company like Coca-Cola in this country requires implementing the strategies which will further reap some advantages in long run. The company is also contemplating to combine hands with the company for the growth of so many carbonated products with further advancement. It aims to tap internal place of market by introducing many items as well as solution which fit the present bill for local consumers. At the same time, the similar concept cannot be executed to other areas which are outside Australia. The company further envisages in providing diversification in consumer as well as competitive advantage. It is important to understand that fostering is the part of being an important entity of the country which further caters a large number of customers with varying age groups and with so many economic kinds of backgrounds (Bertrand et al., 2015). The main aim of the company within particular terri tory of the country is to look for catering the regional consumers with the help of range of beverages. But it is important to note that all the present marketing economies along with likes of advertisement based strategies and tools of marketing are focused to fulfill the goals of the company in present target market. The similar case can differ with changes of target market and therefore creating basic economies of scales as well as scope (Ndoda and Chaneta, 2014). Execution of Arbitration Strategy- Tourism Sector The tourism sector is based on number of arbitrary kind of strategies that are important in the tourism sector. Therefore, the complete success of the company is based on number of arbitrage strategies. In the current case, companies like Overseas Adventure Travel effectively aim on exploiting the current market by giving services at high process to many top clients which results in generating high amount of revenue in the company. In similar circumstances, companies like Kensington Tours aspire to manipulate many kinds of shortcomings of the present local players and also offers premium services to the consumers which results in generating more funds for the company (Ndoda and Chaneta, 2014). The company will also tap with the most exotic as well as highly popular location of the region and will further design various tourism based plans which are completely based on the popular culture which can be appealing for the customers. The overall ploy will also create an empowerment for the company with the competitive edge which can be seen as the companys good for the coming future. Executing the Arbitration Strategy- Beverage Industry The beverage industries are constantly expanding and in fact are on the verge of going global which helps over so many factors. Company like Coca-cola focuses to introduce some very high quality products and items in the target market where the domestic as well as international players are not becoming very effective. There are number of products in the company like diet coke or Pump or Powerrade which has an intention to make a route towards different areas as well as regions which lack options as well as many prospects in business and other companies seem very bleak (Diakantoni and Escaith, 2014). The company also aims to leverage differences in overall cost of labor and capital. It is based on exploiting the culture based aspects of the country and by further introducing cost effective products. There are items which not just are very enticing for the customers but also a viable option from health perspective. The overall alcohol and beverage industry in the country can be estimat ed around twenty billion which is entirely made up from one single industry namely beer which actually amounts to around ten billion USD. Similarly, wine amounts to four billion of USD and other spirits amounts to three billion USD. For number of companies like for example, Foster, there are so many options and alternatives to completely rake up the overall numbers as far as marketing is concerned (Yeoman and McMahon-Beattie, 2015). Further companies like Fosters aspire for using the drawbacks of other entities in beverage industry by selecting the target market as well as also manipulating or exploiting the areas or regions which are completely devoid of the present market of alcohol and beer based beverages. In fact, the company also has an intention to be able to pitch the present product and items in a geographic location where the overall demand for other brands are actually diminutive by nature. Conclusion The report has carefully highlighted the overall analyses of the key aspects based on marketing of AAA which is also called as triple-A model in connection with beverage and tourism sectors. It is pretty clear from the overall analysis that both kinds of food as well as beverages is based on torus sector which is on the verge of accepting the expanding in global market and with the rise or emergence of many components which are complicated by nature or for the different entities to continue the business interest in so many domains. The main aim or aspiration of OAT as well as Kensington Tours is based on achieving the competence on core business level as well as on a more domestic parlance (Nwude, 2016). The reason related to this matter is based on the entities dependent on so many innovative kinds of practices for acquisition of consumers as well as centricity. In addition, on the other side, the food and beverage industry is mostly relies on presenting the strong client base with cost effective items as well as services and also penetrating in new market which can less used by different and varied players. The tourism industry is further fragmented in different kind of segments which actually delve in presenting services which aim on market that are affected by local efficacies. The domain of beverage industry is based on differences of setting up the present competitive advantages. It can further be deduced that both sectors in consideration look to combine the stake and the overall position which thrives on the path of development, profit and growth (Agundu, 2016). Reference Agundu, P.U.C., 2016. Prudence in public institutions management: the strategic financial efficiency challenge in Nigeria.African Research Review,10(5), pp.161-180. Bertrand, J.L., Brusset, X. and Fortin, M., 2015. Assessing and hedging the cost of unseasonal weather: Case of the apparel sector.European Journal of Operational Research,244(1), pp.261-276. Diakantoni, A. and Escaith, H., 2014. Trade in tasks, tariff policy and effective protection rates. Ghemawat, P. and Altman, S.A., 2016. 11 Economic Distance and the Big Shift to Emerging Economies.The Laws of Globalization and Business Applications, p.358. Lee, W.S., Moon, J., Lee, S. and Kerstetter, D., 2015. Determinants of systematic risk in the online travel agency industry.Tourism Economics,21(2), pp.341-355. Mabonga, Q.N., 2015.Strategic responses by Kenya tourism board to changes in the external environment(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015. The Integration/Responsiveness-and the AAA-Frameworks. InStrategic International Management(pp. 25-49). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Ndoda, G.R. and Chaneta, I.C., 2014. Corporate war: live, useful tools in strategizing to a higher ground.Journal of Management and Marketing Research,14, p.1. Nwude, E.C., 2016. Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria.International Business Management,10(20), pp.4824-4841. Yeoman, I. and McMahon-Beattie, U., 2015. The future of food tourism: The Star Trek replicator and exclusivity.The Future of Food Tourism: Foodies, Experiences, Exclusivity, Visions and Political Capital,71, p.23.

The Latest Trends of On-Page Optimization

Editor’s note: This post was updated January 2019 for accuracy and completeness No matter what industry your business operates in, many of your potential customers are using search engines to find solutions to their problems. If your website isn’t performing well in search results pages, it’s likely that you’re losing out to your competitors. There are still some tried-and-true on-page SEO techniques that will boost your search rankings, but with regular Google algorithm updates, it’s crucial to update your optimization strategies to maximize your online visibility in 2019 and beyond. In this article, we’ll outline various on-page optimization strategies to help you: Rank higher in Google and other search engines to build brand awareness and credibility. Drive more relevant website traffic to increase conversions. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to elevate your SEO strategy? We partnered with Jay Baer of Convince Convert to create this free ebook on 6 Ways to Fix Your Barebones SEO Strategy Breaking It Down On-page ranking factors can be broken down into two broad categories: 1. Engagement Ranking Factors Google not only analyzes your content to determine its value, but it also looks at how people interact with your web pages. Do visitors stick around or return to search results after a few seconds? Do they navigate to other pages on your site? Strong engagement metrics signal to Google that your content deserves to rank well. 2. Technical Ranking Factors Technical factors, on the other hand, refer to page elements such as HTML formatting, semantic distance, and schema markup. While these factors aren’t the most eye-catching, they can make a huge difference in your on-page performance. Engagement Ranking Factors Content Value The quality of your content is easily the most important on-page ranking factor. There might be an enormous amount of competition out there, but quality SEO content will still stand out among the crowd. One of the first things that any experienced online marketer will tell you about SEO is that you should write for your human readers first. Valuable content will keep visitors on your page, lower bounce rates, and strengthen your search rankings. Google algorithm updates in 2018 revealed that Google is focusing even more on the depth and breadth of a website’s content. Numerous recent studies have shown the correlation between long-form, in-depth content and higher search engine rankings. To view these statistics, read our article that highlights the benefits of long-form content. One unnamed update that Google rolled out in March 2018 was about relevancy, and it was a significant change to their core algorithm. John Mueller from Google said the following: â€Å"The updates that we made are more about relevance where we’re trying to figure out which sites are relevant for certain queries.† In 2019 Google will continue to reward sites that provide in-depth, valuable content. It wants to give users the best answers, and it will boost websites that people find the most engaging and useful. So as a content marketer, how should you react? Try to make your content the best answer on the internet for a given question. Answer the questions no one else does. Include links to relevant resources. Add graphics, photos, and videos to increase engagement. Get rid of any broken links and duplicate content. Optimize page loading times. User Experience Every bit as important as content value is user experience. As web browsers typically have a short attention span, most of your visitors will quickly turn away if they can’t easily navigate your site, even if the content itself is impeccable. Your website’s navigational elements should be easily understandable, and while your design should also be aesthetically pleasing and consistent with your brand image, you should never sacrifice usability for flashy graphics and unusual navigational features. In 2019, the way users interact with your site will impact search rankings even more. Knowing whether your audience prefers text, images, or video will help. Try to anticipate what searchers want to find after inputting a search query, and then provide the answer in the most engaging format. Then provide answers to follow-up questions they may have after the initial query. Site speed is also a key factor. Not only will a slow website drive away visitors in droves, but it will also hurt your search rankings in the process. In July 2018, Google released a mobile speed update, which affected the slowest sites on the internet. (Me waiting for a slow page to load) Google recently declared Rankbrain, its machine-learning algorithm, as its third most important ranking factor after content and links. Rankbrain helps Google understand the intent of search queries and deliver more relevant results to users. As CTR and dwell time are two of Rankbrain’s key reference points, improving these metrics is key to SEO success. To optimize for Rankbrain in 2019: Address the key question or topic in the introduction of your content. Explain early on what topics you’ll cover. Use jargon-free language and clear formatting. Avoid click-bait style headlines. Create more in-depth content. Highlight the benefits of reading your content in the meta description. Add internal links to related content. Include clear calls-to-action to improve on-site engagement. Voice Search More consumers are using mobile voice search, and the sales of smart speakers are on the rise. According to Statista, unit sales for smart speakers will increase in 2019. It’s still early days for this technology, but the impact of voice search on user behavior and content engagement shouldn’t be ignored. How to optimize your website for voice search: Learn how to add schema markup to your website for your key articles, company details, and events. Use Google’s Structured Data Markup Helper to get started. Optimize your site for local search. Learn how to increase your local search rankings. Include long-tail keyword phrases that match the questions your target audience is most likely to ask. Answer popular questions clearly and concisely. Include questions and answers about your products and services. Social Sharing Social media is a big part of your content distribution strategy. As the saying goes, â€Å"content is king, but distribution is queen, and she wears the pants.† There are a few steps you can take to help facilitate sharing as well, such as including Twitter Card and Facebook Open Graph markup for your content and adding social sharing buttons for popular and relevant networks to each page of content. Mobile-Friendly to Mobile-First In March 2018, Google officially rolled out its mobile-first index, which prioritizes websites in rankings based on how mobile-friendly they are. Google now recommends using responsive web design, so if your website isn’t ready, you’ll miss out on a massive amount of traffic. According to a 2018 study by Statista, in the third quarter of 2018, 56 percent of organic search engine visits in the US were performed on mobile devices. Is your content accessible and enjoyable on any device? Use Google’s Mobile-Friendly Test to find out if your website is mobile-ready. Video According to an analysis by Cisco, video will account for over 82 percent of all consumer internet traffic by 2021. To keep up with the competition, start adding more video content to your site. This will help to increase the dwell time on your site and also make your pages look more appealing. To help search engines understand your video content: Add a descriptive title for the video that includes target keywords. Ensure the rest of your page is relevant to the video. Include a transcription of the video. Embed videos near the top of the page to increase engagement. Use a CTA to draw attention to the video. Titles and Meta Descriptions While many people think of meta descriptions as a technical feature, I’m going to suggest they have more to do with engagement. When you search on Google, you’ll notice that almost every result is accompanied by a short description, which will typically be the first experience that people have with the content. The meta description is one of the most important elements of all when it comes to SEO content for your website since it gives you the chance to encourage your potential visitors to click on the link and take a look at your site. While using your primary and secondary keyword phrases in your meta descriptions is advisable, it is far more important that it is useful and engaging enough to your audience that they decide to proceed. Google has now increased the title length to 70 – 71 characters, so more of your title’s words will be visible in SERPs. The search engine is also showing more characters in meta descriptions so that you can include more keywords here. To make the most of these new character limits, try re-writing the meta descriptions of your highest ranking pages to encourage click-throughs from SERPs. Technical Ranking Factors Crawler Accessibility Although they’re continually getting better at what they do, search engine crawlers are still a long way from being as efficient and discerning as people, which is why you need to take additional steps to ensure that your web pages are fully accessible. For example, search engines have difficulty categorizing visual content, which is why it is essential to accompany any images and videos with alt text and captions. You should also keep your URLs static by using permalinks, mainly if you are using a content management system (CMS) to power your website. If you’re interested in learning more about this topic, check out our post on How to Optimize Images for SEO. Another thing to avoid is duplicate content. If you must have it, be sure that any duplicate content is blocked from the search engine crawlers by listing the URLs in question in the robots.txt file in the root directory of your website. Finally, every website, particularly those using a CMS, should be accompanied by an XML Sitemap. Keyword Targeting Although their usage has been deemphasized with more recent search engine algorithm updates, keywords are still an essential part of SEO. As long as you don’t pay attention to dated and ineffective methods such as keyword density and over-optimized anchor text, you should still target suitable keywords and use them wisely in your content and various on-page elements. For best results, stick to using your primary keyword phrase in: URLs Titles Introductory paragraphs Image alt texts Meta descriptions Headlines Feel free to use your key phrases a couple of times in the body of your content as well, but be sure that they do not stand out in any way. Keyword usage should always be logical and relevant, and your readers should never even notice it. One exciting development in keyword targeting is topical optimization. The idea with topical optimization (also known as topic clusters) is that you’re optimizing for a topic (a group of keywords) rather than individual keywords. Synonyms and Close Variants Search engines are using increasingly sophisticated techniques to decipher the meaning behind search queries. Research from Google shows that semantic indexing plays a part in around 70 percent of searches. Including more synonyms and close variants of words and phrases makes it clearer to Google what your website is about and should help boost your rankings for specific search queries. Semantic Distance Sophisticated algorithms are used to determine the meaning behind sentences and blocks of text. Search engines do this by examining the distance between similar words and phrases within HTML elements. For example, if â€Å"exercise daily† and â€Å"cardiovascular fitness† appear in the same sentence, the phrases are likely to be more relevant than if they appear in different paragraphs. Titles, headers, and lists are also likely to score more â€Å"relevance† points. Schema Markup Google has also started to put more emphasis on search snippets. This means that a higher proportion of searchers will be presented with answer boxes, knowledge graphs, and carousels, which will reduce the visibility of organic search results. To make your content more meaningful to search engines, use schema markup. It’s a way of defining specific relationships between elements of your content and can lead to enhanced search engine listings, or rich snippets. For example, the star ratings you see next to some listings are there because of schema markup. They can dramatically increase click-through rates to your website. To increase the chances of getting displayed in featured snippets: Make sure you answer specific questions asked by your target audience. Provide in-depth content that is easy to read and scan. Format your content with numbered steps, lists, and clear headers. Use social media to promote content that answers common questions. Website Security Google now prefers secure HTTPS sites, revealing in 2018 that it will start to punish publishers that fail to add TLS (Transport Layer Security) to their website. TLS replaced the older SSL protocol as the encryption most publishers use. It makes sense to use HTTPS instead of HTTP because it protects your users’ information and your information from hackers. It also improves user experience, because Google will warn visitors if your website isn’t safe, leading to higher bounce rates. Learn how to secure your site with HTTPS. 11 Step Checklist to Better On-Page SEO Whether you’re a beginner or a more advanced marketer, here is our 11 step on-page optimization checklist to make sure your on-page SEO is up to scratch: Publish unique content that answers specific questions. Optimize site speed and navigation. Optimize titles and meta descriptions to improve click-through rates. Write compelling, in-depth copy to increase dwell time. Optimize content for voice search. Display social sharing buttons. Use responsive web design. Invest in video content. Use keywords and close variants that sound natural and are page-relevant. Use schema markup. Secure your website with HTTPS. In Summary SEO is constantly evolving, but the basics haven’t really changed. Google’s main concern is its users, which is why it will continue to focus on user engagement and the richest content experiences. Ultimately, on-page optimization is more about creating or buying content for humans, as search engines are now more equipped to deal with the nuances of language. Focus on delivering value and a user-friendly experience by giving your audience what they want. This will help to future-proof your efforts, so that upcoming algorithm updates don’t end up hurting your website. Keep all these strategies in mind, and you can improve your on-page SEO and hopefully rise above the competition in SERPs. Do you need unique, quality content to support your SEO goals? Constant Content connects you with thousands of professional writers able to create articles, ebooks, product descriptions, and other content assets to engage your readers and boost your search rankings.

Easy Science Fair Projects

Easy Science Fair Projects Science fair projects dont have to be complicated. The trick to creating a  simple science fair project is choosing  a project idea that uses easy-to-find materials and requires little time. The  science projects  listed below fit the bill. You can create most without any supplies or with common items you have in your house, garage, or classroom. The projects are sectioned by topic: Each one is topped by one or two questions and fully explained in two to four sentences.   The Body and Senses The human body is a great platform for creating easy science projects. The ability to breath, taste, smell and hear all are great starting points as the ideas in this section demonstrate. Does age make a difference in lung capacity? Does gender? Does smoking versus nonsmoking? Have different people blow up a balloon as much as they can, measure the balloon to calculate the volume of air, and analyze the data.Which sense is better at helping you identify food, taste or smell?  Cube produce with a similar texture (or mash it), blindfold your test subject  and ask him to identify the food based on how it smells. Switch the order of the foods and have your subject guess what each is according to how it tastes. Try this with different types of meat, too.Does listening to music while taking a test affect performance? Does the type of music make a difference?  Set this up by having your subject take tests of comparable difficulty with and without music or with different types of music playing. Water and Other Liquids Fizzy soft drinks make great props for simple science projects, as do milk, juice, oil, and even plain old water.   Which carbonated soft drink stays fizzy the longest? Set your sodas on the counter and see how long they produce bubbles.Which uses more water, a bath or a shower? Stop the drain, take a bath, and then take a shower. You can mark the tub if you want a simple more-less comparison or break out the measuring cup if you want to know exactly how much water you used.Which liquids prevent seed germinations? Try sprouting seeds (uncooked beans from the grocery store will work) in various liquids, such as tap water, milk, cola, juice, or oil. The Weather and Heat The weather is always a sure bet for an easy science project, as is the concept of heat. All you need to perform the projects in this section are a thermometer, a barometer, and a common material. Can you forecast the weather yourself? Dont listen to the weather report (but do recruit someone else to record the forecasts). Use simple instruments such as a thermometer and barometer and look at the sky to predict the weather. Compare your predictions with those made by the weather service.Which color of material heats the quickest and cools the quickest? Get different colors of the same type of material and a thermometer. Which heats more quickly on a sunny day? Which cools more quickly? Or are they the same?

Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek Essay

Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek - Essay Example us order that is not bound to any region field or society it is the property of change and revolution where ever these two properties will be the process of spontaneous order will take place. Spontaneous order Example This is simply an ideology which is applicable in different areas of the life, due to its applications it is popular ideology in economical field and various economist appreciated its application in the practical economical market scenarios and process .According to this ideology the market economies can be emerged by any creative individual spontaneous order specifying their own rules and boundaries of working. Spontaneous order Markets application In economic field many classical liberals thinkers like Hayek proposed that the market economies are result of the creative spontaneous order according to his thinking more accurate resources allocation process on accurate places and output getting process is possible by the spontaneous order application, as compared to the organization working methodology. The economist think that it is the ever best methodology to apply as on the spot economical problems solving techniques applications is possible by it by any individual any time according to the situation beyond the limits of any frame work as it is not bound to follow any central decision or policy. The Foundation for Economic Education president Lawrence Reed, says about the spontaneous order as follows: Spontaneous order emerged when people feel alone and when entrepreneurs do their best for the desires of people and then according to the desires provide for them they act upon the market needs and check the prices which tells them what is the need of people and in what quantity it is demanded and it is better and productive way as compared to reliance on... Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek? In place of the spontaneous order the other word self organization is also used it is the process related to different individual related to different field of life and in different process the term is used and applied such as physical ,biological and social networks and economics ,so we can say that the spontaneous order is a process which is emerged by various kinds of social orders by the interest and willingness of the self interested and motivated persons who not preplanned the things or unintentionally who create order without planning . New needs new demands new ideas make smooth the way of spontaneous order and provide growth for this phenomenon. One mile stone when achieved in this journey produce new way for the next mile stone to achieve so the spontaneous order process and growth is directly proportional to the new coming needs and time. Hayek was economist best known for his work in the field of the economic s according to his work spontaneous order is the key of success in the economical field and can assure promoting new ideas and revolutions as compared to the pre planned strategies further he established a relationship in between the spontaneous order and the social justice he said social justice is interlinked with the spontaneous order as the individuals gets right to do free according to their mind set irrespective of the laws boundaries, he faced many critics too due to this ideology ,but he defended at most of his side his ideology .

Spirituality,Religion,and Social Work Research Paper

Spirituality,Religion,and Social Work - Research Paper Example The relationship between religion, spirituality and social work, however, is not a recent phenomenon, but in fact has existed historically and share a consistent relationship. Such a positive and co-dependent relationship between religion, spirituality and social work, can be attributed to the Postmodernist society we live in today, where there has been a steady and systematic increase in the introduction of new social work policies, which assimilate religion and spirituality; and where the social workers, are known to have a more positive approach towards the inclusion of religion and spirituality within the spheres of social work. There have been various studies which have documented the effect, introduction, assimilation and impact of religion and spirituality within the domains of social work (Furman, Benson, Canda, & Grimwood, 2005; Sheridan & Amato-Von Hemert, 1999; Sheridan, Bullis, Adcock, Berlin, & Miller, 1992). This paper, discusses the various signifcance of the problem, and the impact of such an inclusion on social work and workers. Definition and Meaning of Terms: Religion and Spirituality These terms are defined in various ways by different authors, and research literature on the subject implies that there is no one clear or specific definition for either of these terms. Hence defining the terms in a precise manner has been a challenging task for the authors, since it encompasses a wide area of subjects and concepts. However for the purpose of this study, a general and commonly used definition is taken into consideration. Spirituality is defined as: "a complex, intrapsychic dimension of human development† (Derezotes, 1995, p.1) â€Å"the relationship of the human person to something or someone who transcends themselves† (Bullis, 1996, p. 2), â€Å"devotion to the immaterial part of humanity and nature† (Barker, 1995, p. 363), â€Å"the human search for purpose and meaning of life experiences† (Sheridan & Amato-von Hemer t, 1999, p. 129), â€Å"a relationship to force greater than oneself† (Netting, Thibault & Ellor, 1990), and â€Å"the essence of the individual† (Carroll, 1997, p. 27), or â€Å"one’s basic nature† (Carroll, 1998, p. 2). Religion on the other hand is defined as: â€Å"the external de?nition of faith† (Joseph, 1988, p. 444), â€Å"a search for the signi?cant in ways related to the sacred† (Pargament, 2002, p. 169), â€Å"an organized set of beliefs and practices of a faith community† (Furman & Chandy, 1994, p. 21), â€Å"believing† (Gotterer, 2001, p. 188), and the â€Å"acceptance of a particular set of beliefs and ethics† (Cascio, 1998, p. 524). Thus, the definitions of spirituality and religion in general, are more or less focused on the general meaning of the terms and the areas it encompasses. There is however a subtle difference between the two, as observed from the literature. The concept of spirituality may also include a special reference to the relationship between individuals, the environment to which they belong, their traditions, customs or heritage or any higher power in which they believe (Canda, 1988; Dudley & Helfgott, 1990; Furman, Benson, Canda, & Grimwood, 2005; Joseph, 1988; Krieglstein, 2006; Hodge & McGraw, 2006). Religion on the other hand, is comparatively a narrow term, albeit more structured with regard to the beliefs, or rules followed by a community or an organization. However, there is a slight difference of opinion among various researchers and practitioners with regard to the difference between the two terms while yet others do not believe in such differences. According to some religion is more focused on communities while spirituality is an individual thing, while yet others question the

Challenges Hospital Management In Nepal

Challenges Hospital Management In Nepal The WHO defines health as A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence or disorder (WHO, 1948). It means that complete state of wellbeing is health and hospitals one of the major tool for promotion of health. WHO in 2010 has addressed the role and importance of hospital management for a quality health (WHO, 2010). There is no internationally accepted clear definition for hospital. There are several types of hospitals based on the facilities, equipments and services, i.e. district hospitals, provincial hospitals, speciality hospitals and referral hospitals, teaching University hospitals and other types of health care facilities. There is no international standard defining what should be the minimum services that each hospital should provide during a health crisis. Each country has to develop a national policy and technical guidelines to deal with a health crisis. Before defining the essential services, the ministry of health has to define the essential health services that the health sector will provide to the community in order to identify what more specific services will be delivered by hospitals (WHO, 2009). Management is defined as the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of defined objectives. Management is included as a factor of production along with machines, materials and money. Renowned guru of management Peter Drucker (19909-2005) has said that the basic task of management is two fold: marketing and innovation. Practice of modern management owes its origin to the 16th century enquiry into low efficiency and failures of certain enterprises, conducted by the English statesman Sir. Thomas Moore (1478-1535). As a discipline, management consists of the interlocking services of formulating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling and directing an organizations resources to achieve the policies objectives (Walden University, 2011).Hospital managenmnet.net suggests that Hospital Management provides a direct link between healthcare facilities and those supplying the services they need ( Hospit al management.net 2011) . WHO in 2009 suggests understanding by hospital management as an effective and combined management of, the following factors:- (a) Acute care for emergency patients; (b) Out Patient Department (OPD) activities; (c) Investigation (laboratory; X-ray; other diagnostic elements); (d) Referral for primary health care (PHC); specialized consultations or services; (e) Contribution to public health programmes; (f) Part of health information system (surveillance system, including a EWS Component); (g) Public information and education; and (h) Preparedness for health crisis management. Nepal is a landlocked country which is mostly covered by hills and mountains and it has a population of 25.8 million as estimated in 2006. It is in the south Asian continent, north to India and south to China. Its area is 147,181 sq. km (WHO, 2007). It has been facing several challenges to establish a functional health management system (Thapa, 2010). This proposal deals with the challenges which Nepali health system is facing at present and suggests the possible ways for its improvement. Statement of the problem Nepals health system is in transition. Nepal is an underdeveloped country where most of the geographical part (85%) is covered by mountains and hills. India is in the south and China is in the northern part of the landlocked country. The southern boarder is open where the northern part is separated by the high mountains called Himalayas. The health indicators are very poor. The health service facility is not adequate to Nepali people. So the hospitals are (Dixit, 2005). Nepals hospital bed per ten thousand populations is 4.26 (2001/02), physician per ten thousand populations is 2 and Nurses per ten thousand population is also 2 as per the data of 2004 Similarly, Total Expenditure on Health (THE) as % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 5.3% and Public Expenditure on Health (PHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) is 28 while Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) 72(WHO, 2007). If it is compared with the other developing countries in the sa me region i.e. south east Asian region, the level of the problem may be perceived. Maldives, a small tiny country with population 298 thousand has Total Expenditure on Health (THE) as % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 6.2. Maldives Public Expenditure on Health (PHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) is 89 as compared with 28 of Nepal. Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE) as % of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) in Maldives is 11. It shows that the state has better involvement in Maldives than in Nepal. More over, the population per hospital bed is 381, which are 26.2 hospital beds per 10000 populations. Similarly, number of populations per physician 959 and nurses per 10000 populations are 33 (WHO, 2007). It clearly shows the scenario of health development of Nepal. As part of health, curative health services have a major role in providing quality health service to the people. Until the health care provider organizations are strong, the curative health service can not be delivered to the beneficiaries properly (Edelman and Mandle 2006). Hospitals are the key component of health care delivery system and they needs to be reformed to ensure a quality health care system (McKay and Healy, 2000).Unfortunately the hospitals in Nepal have very poor in quality management and they are not able to deliver quality health services to the people (Dixit, 2005). To address the needs and requirement of the hospital, the government of Nepal ( GON), Ministry of Health and Population ( MOHP) has published The guideline on the establishment, Operation policy and standard and infrastructure for Private and Public Health Hospitals in 2004 ( MOHP,2004). But it is still lacking in the formulation of the standard for the hospitals run by the government (Dixit, 2005). However, the policy published by the MOHP tries to clarify on the basic parameters of the infrastructures required for the hospitals which may be applied for the general hospitals as well. But the document does not speak about the application in the government run hospitals (MOHP, 2004). That is why; there is a lack of clear cut guideline for the management of hospital. Nepals health sector is facing a challenge regarding the management (Dixit, 2005). As part of whole system of health in Nepal, management of the hospitals is also a sever challenge for the country. 1.2 Summary of the problem Nepal has set a target to achieve the millennium Development goals by 2015. It has to meet the target in all health indicators. Goal no 3 and 4 are c loosely related with health and as part of curative health, hospital and hospital management have crucial role in health promotion. In Nepalese context, hospital management skill and concept of hospital management is still beyond the priority of the government and the government still does not have any policy guidelines over the hospital management sector (Dixit, 2005). People skill is a key asset for the development of key management styles. Dealing the people is a professional skill in itself. Being able to see from the perspective of others is essential, and caring for their welfare is also of prime importance. There are many high-profile examples of how to develop a successful management style. Managers like Bill Gates and Warren Buffett have famously developed their own distinctive management style from which others can learn. However, the fact that the two examples are very different management styles shows that there is no single route to success (Bono and Hellers, 2009). But unfortunately, there are no clear guidelines or policy found in the government documents. The recent document on the guideline on the requirement of a hospital, government does not speak about the hospital management, its skill development and transfer for the improvement of a hospital (MOHP, 2004). Lack of professional skill in the person responsible to manage the hospitals has created a problem in hospital management. The government run or supervised hospitals still do not have positions for the hospitals. MOHP in its policy document has not mentioned anything about the hospital managers (MOHP,2004). However, the private hospitals have started hiring them which is still out of the government policy (Thapa, 2010). Nepal is an underdeveloped country where the literacy rate is only 62.7% for male and 34.9% for female as per the report of census 2001 (CBS, 2001). It means still 64.1% women are out of literacy coverage. Nepal has poor health facilities all over the country except in capital Kathmandu and other urban areas. Most of the doctors are not willing to go to the rural areas hospitals and they are often running without (qualified) doctors (Dixit, 2005). In conclusion, the poor socio-economic conditions, hard geographical conditions and lack of awareness of the people and traditional beliefs and superstitions, lack of will in the political parties and their leaders are the main burning issues for the improvement of health sector in Nepal (Chaulagain, 2004). These all are problems associated with the hospitals and ultimately with their management. The factors associated to hospital management are still not uncovered in Nepal (Thapa, 2010). So, it Purpose of the study As mentioned above, it has been obvious that Nepal is facing the problems to strengthen the management of the health sector. The documents are not found to have been lacking regarding the strategies and policies on the health management. So, the proposal aims to identify the hindering factors affecting the hospital management in Nepal. It will study the existing policies and strategies of the government of Nepal on hospital management, international principles, theories and practices on hospital management and identify the factors which are affecting the betterment for hospital management sector of Nepal. So, the purpose of the study is to identify the hindering factors of hospital management in the case of Nepal and suggest the concerning authorities about improving the hospital management system, formulating the policies and implementing them. This proposal will analyse the strength and limitations of the hospital management system in Nepal and help all the concerned to mitigate and minimize them. Main research question The study can not answer all questions that come on surface while studying about the issue. So, to narrow down the study area and sharpen the focus, the study has defined the main study questions as follows:- What are the hindering factors that effect the hospital management in Nepal? Subsidiary Questions To supplement the main research question, these questions are defined as subsidiary questions as follows:- What will be the appropriate modality or best practices of hospital management that are applied in the world by other countries and What are the factors that are hindering in the betterment in the hospital management in Nepal? What is the most influential factor to promote the hospital management in Nepal? Hypothesis Lindsen and Jong (2005) have defined hypothesis as an alternative explanation of residual switch trial costs or, more precisely, of the empirical finding that the repetition trial (RT) distribution for switch trials with a long preparation intervals can be modelled as a mixture of the RT distributions for repetition trials and for switch trials with a short preparation interval (Lindsen and Jong, 2010). In here, the hypothesis tries to establish an alternative factor that might be supposed to be the commonest hindering factor for the management of hospitals in Nepal. The hypothesis taken here is the lack of professionalization of hospital managers or the persons who are involved in the management of either government run or private or community run hospitals in Nepal is the most influential limiting factors in hospitals in Nepal. Significance of Study As mentioned above there are no special policies and practices established for hospital management in Nepal. The hospitals are managed by the medical doctors or surgeons so far (MOHP, 2004). The doctors are not entitled to diagnose the patients, treat them, run medical and surgical and public health cams campaigns in the hospitals or in the periphery of the hospitals. The Medical council is liable to assign the job responsibilities of the doctors in the case of Nepal. But it has not mentioned about the management part of the hospital and its regulation, Nepal Medical Council Act, 1964 (amended in 2001).It does not speak who is responsible for that (Nepal Medical Council, NMC, 2001). There is no one professionally responsible for the hospital management in the present context. In the country where the government policy about the medical sector does not speak about the role of hospital management, it becomes obvious that the hospital management sector is not running smoothly. No presen ce of the monitoring body to supervise and evaluate the hospital management is found in the present documents whether published by the government or private organizations. So, the studies significance is in establishing the fact what are the main barrier and other minor barriers in the hospital management of Nepal. That is why this study is has a significance value. Literature Review 2.1 Concept of Hospital Management Hospital management provides a direct link between health care facilities and those supplying the service they need. This enhances the capacity of deciding and managing hospitals and health care centres and all other health care providers and other health care industries (Hospital management.net, 2011). The discipline hospital management is found to be conceptualised from the WHO Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986. It was introduced in the name of Health Promoting Hospitals (HPH) in the beginning since hospital was regarded a mean of health promotion. So, this concept is only 25 years old and newer to other disciplines. The Ottawa Charter recognised five areas of hospital management i.e. health promoting hospital setting, health promoting workplaces, the provision of health related services, training, education and research. It has identified the hospital sector as the change agent and advocate for health promotion (WHO, 2011). From the declaration of WHO, it becomes obvious that hospital is not only a place of treating the patients, but also a place where the activities for health promotion are run, all heath services are provided, trainings are conducted, education is given and researches are carried out. It rules out the understanding of the government on hospitals. Th e Bir Hospital, which is one of the units or part of the Ministry of Health and Population and the biggest government run hospital (MOHP) of Nepal has defined Bir Hospital only as a treatment and diagnosis service centre. In this definition, the other four parts defined by the Ottawa Charter are missing. However, it adds something in its website as its activities. According to it, Bir Hospital offers training to the students through its Post Graduate programme of its Medicine School (Bir Hospital, 2008). It clearly shows that the government of Nepal has some how realised the integrated approach of the hospitals, but not mentioned in its policy or strategy. There seems a gap between the Ottawa Charter and the understanding of the Government of Nepal in terms of its concept. National Health Service (NHS) of the UK has presented a model of its Week Hospital in its journal. It says that it has developed and validated an innovative integer programming model, based on clinical resources allocation and beds utilization. According to NHS, the model aims at scheduling Week Hospital patients admission/discharge, possibly reducing the length of stay on the basis of an available timetable of clinical services. The performance of the model has been evaluated, in terms of efficiency and robustness, by considering real data coming from a Week Hospital Rheumatology Division. The experimental results have been satisfactory and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach (NHS, 2011). We can see the factors that contribute in hospital management by this example mentioned above. The hospital management has become an emerging field in India, the neighbouring of Nepal and a developing country in the south Asian sub-continent. India education in its home page of its website says that hospital management and administration has become a priority and importance for healthcare industry and providing health and hygiene care in India. The government of India is paying attention on providing healthcare in both rural and urban areas by improving the management of the hospitals. It further adds that hospitals are expected to deliver quality service 24 hours a day at a minimal cost. The urgent nature of its work and the level of efficiency that is expected have increased the need of well-formulated hospital management system throughout the world (India Education, 2011). It shows that India has seriously taken the hospital management stream to upgrade the quality of the service delivery of the hospitals in India. These literatures presented above describe the concept of h ospital management. 2.2 Benefit of Hospital Management Worlds renowned management Guru Peter Drucker developed the concept of Management by Objective (MBO) in 1954. He has defined MBO as a systematic and organised approach that allows management to focus on achievable goals and to attain the best possible results from available resources. He has further said that the strong management system of the organization increases its performance by aligning the goals and subordinate objectives through out the organization. He adds that the employee get strong input to identify their objectives and timeline for completion. He has described the benefits of management to have supporting in setting objectives, organising groups, motivating and communication, measuring performance and developing people ( Peter Drucker,1954). NHS has defined its hospitals as organizations where high qualities of health care services are delivered to the clients (NHS, 2011). So, all the theories of the organization may be applied in hospitals and the importance of the hospitals may be assumed based on the benefits of a good management system as described Drucker. So, it has become obvious that to achieve the goals of the nation, the hospital management sector should be regarded as an important discipline in the context of Nepal as well. Limitations of Hospital Management Management is not a solution, but only the means of the solution which organises the resources in a proper way. For the effective management, every surrounding factor should be appropriate. Verzuh (2001) has identified five sectors that are required for effective management. They are good agreement between service providers and clients, an effective and realistic plan, constant and effective communication, a controlled scope and upper management support (Verzuh, 2001). Hospital as an organization can not provide its best services if the factors mentioned above are not available. In Nepalese context, the hospital management can not take the hospitals in the position to achieve its goals until there is an effective service giving and taking culture, until the planning body is capable enough, until the inter and intra organizational communication is strongly developed and there is a political commitment to prove upper support toward the bottom. So, these are the limitations of the hospi tal management. Barriers of Hospital Management in Nepal Nepals literacy rate is low, the national income and per capita income is also low. The difficult geographical situation is not also favourable for rapid development in Nepal. The socio-economic development is far behind as compared with other developed and even with developing countries (Dixit, 2005). As mentioned above, financial strength, political commitment, social culture and context need to be favourable for the good management of every development sector and the hospital is not an exception. The people can not consume the facilities well if they are not aware about the facilities they have been provided with (Thapa, 2010). But hospitals are managed by the Department of Health Services under the Ministry of Health Population and the, So, for the hospital management, this context has become a barrier. Hospital management practice in different countries i.e. Nepal, USA, UK, India, Japan and Thailand Hospital management is a new discipline. In Nepal, the Pokhara University strated Hospital Management course in 2001 only. Then it has put a milestone in the way of hospital management. Then some private hospitals have started to recruit hospital managers due to its influence and the government is in the way to start thinking on the need of separate hospital management stream under the health service (NOC, 2011). In USA, the hospitals are governed by the United States Department of Health. Its history goes to 1798 from when USA has started on managed health service (USDHHS, 2001). UK established National Health Service ((NHS) in 1948 from which it has been running the hospitals. All together, 12000 doctors are working in its hospitals all over the UK (NHS, 2011). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for hospital management in India. It has Department of Health and National Rural Health Mission for managing the hospitals (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India, 2011). Likewise, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare looks health activities in Japan. It has Health Policy Bureau under the ministry and it looks after the hospitals and it has prepared a policy to manage the hospitals properly (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2011). In Thailand, Ministry of Public Health looks after the hospital management. Under the ministry, there is Department of Health and under th is, there are 9n divisions. They are supporting the hospitals for their management in an integrated way (Department of Health of Thailand, 2011) 2.6 Previous empirical research findings on challenges in hospital management The Hospital; of St Raphael in UK has written in its website about the challenges it suffering in terms of the management. It says that the demand is growing and the challenge is increasing. Patient satisfaction concerns, hospital management demand, smart mind and smart technologies to keep healthcare system smoothly are the challenges seen in the present context. Likewise, recruiting hospital management and their turnover are other challenges (St Raphael Hospital, 2011). In Nepal context, There are no special resources are found either in published copies or in the websites. The National Open College has written about the importance of the Hospital Management course which is like an advertorial (NOC, 2011). But it does not speak about the challenges of the hospital management. So, relevant literatures are not enough as per the topic. Discussion and Conclusion After studying the literature and analysing the present hospital management system in Nepal, the points come into mind to be discussed:- The Government of Nepal has still not considered the hospital management as a separate sector. There is a lack of Hospital management professionals. There is no proper policy addressing hospital, management issues in Nepal. Hospital management sector has not been regarded as an integrated issue so far. Public and private sector are also not actively participating for the professionalization of hospital management human resources. In conclusion, we can say that hospital management is a new discipline. The developed countries like UK have already started to think on the management issues of hospitals as a separate sector. But in Nepal, the hospital management sector is not visible separately and it has not been regarded as a separate need or requirement. The hospital has not felt the need of hospital managers to manage the hospital smoothly. Lack of awareness, culture and customs low literacy rate, low income and difficult geographical situation are the factors which are hindering the hospital management sector to grow and become strong. Methodology 3.1 Instrument The study was carried out by using systemic literature review method. The literatures were searched in the website of the Universities of UK i.e. Bournemouth. The Medical Journal of America and USA were searched. The government policies of NEPAL, India, USA, Japan, Thailand and UK were other sources. The documents were collected, materials were searched and the materials retrieved were analysed before applying them in this search. The WHO website and other journals were considered as most reliable sources. Library use was the mostly used mean for search and writing the paper. This study will apply qualitative methodology to find the hindering factors of hospital management in Nepal where face to face interviews will be arranged during this study. 4 Conclusions The hospital management is a new term which is derived from the separate words hospital and management. Hospital is a mean of healthcare delivery while management is a way to utilize the resource in an efficient way. The hospital management is not very old concept in even in the developed countries while the countries while Nepal is very far behind in the development of this sector. Lack of professionalization of the existing human resources, less availability of skilled human resources, poor socio-economic situation, low interest of government towards the hospital are the hindering factors for the development of hospital management in Nepal. These all information was collected through literature review available in the library and websites developed by the governments, universities and academic institutions. It recommends the government of Nepal to recognise the hospital management as a separate and independent discipline under the health service. It suggests the academic institutions to focus on the development of hospital management professionals in their course and curriculum. It also suggests the private sector involved in running private hospitals in Nepal to start hospital management principles in their management.

A Feminist Rhetorical Tradition of Women Fighting For Their Right to Sp

The country is crying out for liberty and equality. Every man and woman has the right to express his/her opinions,† echoes Mariah S. Stewart, the first African-American female to speak amongst a mixed race and gender crowd. Since the very moment men dictated women to act as children, seen and not heard, fervent female voices refused the patriarchal oppression aimed at quelling the efforts of their female gender’s. With a social order firmly placed in position and accepted in large by those in political and social power, women activists continued to work towards impeding the subjection, which denounced them as the weaker, unintellectual, unspiritual, less virtuous and inarticulate sex. While some of these women used the power of Christianity as a vehicle to assert their concerns of women’s lack of freedom, they simultaneously chastised men for condemning their gender as less righteous, which was essentially against God’s order. The prevalence of womenâ€℠¢s activist roots contextualizes women in a cultural manifestation of societal change. By tracing a synopsis of some of the key figures in the anti-slavery agenda, woman’s war on race and sexism, woman’s fight for equality in religiosity and ministerial vocation, and more exclusively, the women’s rights movement, we can identify in a historical tradition of rhetoric the preeminence of the female voice and her passionate declaration for individual rights to freedom and happiness Recognized as a contemporary, as well as contributor, to the leading philosophers, Plato, Socrates, Xenophon and Aristophanes of the Common Era, historians regard Aspasia of Miletus as a key figure in political and rhetorical theory. In Cheryl Glenn’s essay, â€Å"Sex, Lies and Manuscript: Refiguring Aspasia in the... ...ignificant to the women’s movement, but also to contemporary scholarship where women’s voices are often marginalized and silenced over their male counterparts. Challenging the â€Å"contemporary academic and cultural scene† forces women to regain their place in western rhetorical history while also urging women to be aware of the importance in writing themselves into history (Glenn 181). Willard speaks of the action women must take in order to persevere over female hardship; she states, â€Å"The world is wide, and I will not waste my life in friction when it could be turned into momentum.† With these words, it is important to consider that change is not met by stagnation of a voice, but instead it is initiated by passionate women who within their voices can reach a majority of opposing listeners fearlessly and demand with great articulation that change must persist.

Criminology Theories-Differential Association and Strain Theory Essay

Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In criminology, theories play an important role especially in understanding the settings, motivations, assets, behaviors and actions of criminals. These theories serve as their guidelines in order to detect and sometimes read the plans of their enemies. Unfortunately, these theories are not one hundred percent accurate, however, learning these aspects are still essential. Differential Association and Strain Theories are most commonly used in the field of criminology. These theories aim to explain the totality and the instinctive or social development of criminal ideation in a person. The theories mentioned are extremely necessary for authorities to understand and to be familiar with. Criminal Theories – Differential Association Theory vs. Strain Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theories in criminology tend to be unclear and lacking in justifiable broadness. The lack of clarity can sometimes end up in apparent inconsistencies, although more attention to the structure of a scientific theory and its requirements might reveal more agreement among theorists than now recognized. In fact, rarely do available theories offer guidance that does not require heroic leaps of conjecture. Practicality is not a requirement of a valid theory since theories might be void but still of use. However, condition for a theory to be considered certifiable is none other than practicality. Criminology is the scientific study of crime; hence, theories need to have adequate basis in order to prove true and be considered useful. Another denotation of the term Criminology is the study of law making, law breaking and the response to law breaking. This definition of criminology is also a useful way to categorize the theories. Theories of law breaking are the most common and essential in the field of Criminology. The questions that usually come out is â€Å"why do people commit crime?† or â€Å"What makes countries more prone to crime than other?† These theories serve as the guide of practice and a protocol to assist the implementation of law and reading of crimes (Vito, Maahs & Holmes, 2007 p.14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research paper aims to describe specific theories and analyze its over-all concept as well as comparisons. The main theories highlighted in this paper are Differential Association Theory and Strain Theory. These theories are explained and scrutinized in order to obtain various points of essentials and utilize it in order to come up with a critical analysis of the said theories. The following are questions that are considered objectives of this research work. What are the theories of Differential Association Theory and Strain Theory? Discuss the concepts embedded in each theory and obtain the important data present. What are the comparisons and differentiations of the following theories? What are the important points to be noted in each theory? The research study does not deal with any under topics except for these theories. By the end of the paper, a conclusion regarding the over-all study is present. Differential Association Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Differential Theory has been brought by Edwin Sutherland, and this has been considered as one of the best constitutions in the field of criminology. The evolution of criminology and formation of this theory have started because of this man’s desire to have a new direction in the field of criminology. He has rejected the biological determinism and the extreme individualism of psychiatry, as well as economic explanations of crime. The need for money or resources is never a motivating factor for a person to commit a crime. Due to this curious out-searching, he has arrived in the theory of Differential Association Theory. Another term for this theory is the â€Å"Social Learning Theory†, wherein psycho-cognitive and analytic observations are implemented. Different association proposes that criminal associations and normative conflict vary across community types; hence, this variation is linked in the rationale for varying crime rates (Hoffman 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of this theory states that delinquency is learned just as all other forms of behavior are learned. It implies that Different Association Theories are those associated in various factors such as changing community, the individual itself, the environment and family upbringing. These are the things that influence the person’s behavioral concept, and if not guided properly, criminal acts may be produced. Sutherland (1947) proposed that crime and delinquency are learned in small-group contexts through the acquisition of a preponderance of messages defining law-violating behavior as acceptable or appropriate. (Dennis & Neff, 2007) Moreover, this theory emphasizes on the genetic origins of criminal behavior, thus implying biological initiatives in crime control. In contrast to both classical and biological theories, Differential Association Theory poses no obvious threats to the humane treatment of those identified as criminals (Hoffman 2003). The conditions of this theory also suggests that the more frequent, intense, salient, and enduring a youth’s exposure to prodelinquency definitions, the more likely they will be to adopt these definitions and to use them to rationalize or justify engaging in delinquent behavior. Delinquency stems from a positive identification with law-violating behavior learned in interaction within primary groups, which is an exact opposite of strain-induced negative emotions (Dennis & Neff, 2007). Testing Theory Validity According to the journal of Van Gundy and Rebellon (2006), differential association theory can be used in tracing out the behavior of crime acts in an individual. A test has been conducted in teenagers who are into use of Marijuana. Specifically, among respondents who reported using other illicit drugs in 1980, only 2.8% simultaneously reported that they had abstained from the use of marijuana in the same year. The researchers gathered these individuals and they obtain an interview as well as drug sample from this group of people. The focus is too asses the origins of criminal behavior guided by the conditions of marijuana usage. According to the respondents who have been reported using drugs other than marijuana, the presence of moral attachments, commitments or involvements are either fragile, low or absent. It has been noted that these individuals have higher association with substance-using peers than do those who report abstaining from such drugs. These results suggest that variables derived from existing delinquency theory are capable of explaining about fifty percent of the relationship between prior marijuana use and other illicit drug use. In terms of differential association, the results obtained from the two controlled groups lies differently. The presence of reinforcement agents (peers, drug-using community, etc) and negative events are also being examined if these factors can directly affect the said behavior. It has been noted that the individuals who have been using other drugs aside from marijuana have intense negative feelings towards family, difficulties and other personal areas of their lives. On the other hand, the other group also manifests negative feelings; however, the difference is the degree and coping towards these causations. In the end of their experiment, the criminal behavior that develops in a person is not brought by economical needs or the problems itself but with the environment present around the client. Strain Theory Strain theory is another proposed subject in this argument. The theory of Strain suggests that a key motivational factor in delinquency and misconduct is strain, which is some perceived or actual state of discomfort. The strain of pursuing goals within diverse opportunity structures may lead to adaptations such as crime, delinquency, and other deviant behavior (Hoffman 2003). One example in this statement shows when a teenager desires for money, since the things that money can buy–nice clothes, CDs, movies, and so on—and the lack of money causes inability to obtain such wants. This event now produces strain in the part of the teenager. This strain in turn leads to attempts to resolve the problem through theft (a direct attempt to resolve financial insolvency) or alcohol and drug use (an indirect attempt to deal with the shame of insolvency). Either way, the theory of strain works by the induction of psychological strain itself (Apel et. Al 2003).   Another definition provided by Dennis and Neff (2007) supports the claims of Apel (2003). General strain theory (GST) suggests that delinquency results from a youth’s emotional response to negative relationships with others. The negative relationships embody situations in which a youth fails to obtain a valued goal, loses something of value, or is presented with some type of noxious or aversive stimuli. Thus, a juvenile who is failing in school, or who loses contact with a parent due to abandonment or death, or who experiences some type of victimization can be said to be experiencing strain. The emotion of anger or frustration resulting from the experience of strain, rather than the strain itself, leads the youth to engage in law-violating behavior. The main point in this statement is the occurrence of strain is not directly the valued point of origin in the case of Stain theory. The reason behind is the power of a person to control or manipulate the situation is still present; however, if in case the person breaks down because of this strain experience, that is the time wherein a person manifests valiant and law-breaking actions (Siegel, 2004 p.71). Moreover, different types of delinquency or crime results from different forms of adaptation to anomie-induced strain. Property crimes, such as theft, represented innovative adaptations. Using alcohol and other drugs, on the other hand, could be thought of as a retreatist mode of adaptation; i.e., behavior that not only symbolically rejects the institutionalized means to achieve a positive goal, but also rejects the goal itself (Dennis & Joan, 2007). Strain comes from various origins depending on the case situation of an individual. Not every case of a person entitles him in a single strain response but rather, multi-evident causations. Using alcohol and drugs, for example, can be considered forms of â€Å"self-medication,† which may provide a sense of relief. Often than not, financially or resource depressed societies are more likely to be populated by â€Å"strained† individuals. In this case, these communities suffer from more blocked opportunity structures. Hence these communities tend to create an atmosphere conducive to anger and frustration, key antecedents to delinquent behavior. Such kind of community breeds crime, as according to the theory, and acts of wrongdoing. Differential Association Theory vs. Strain Theory Differential theory by definition stated above originates from the intrinsic characteristic of a person, influenced by the individual’s environment and molding assists. The criminal behavior is primarily because of influence of those individuals who are also linked in the same act of criminal acts. A person learns to commit crimes little by little until a person commits it without any hesitation. The psychosocial environment greatly suggests such conditioners as the primary causation of crimes. The raise of crime rates are because of the instilled negative thoughts, inappropriate guidance and lack of attachments, commitments or relationships. On the other hand, Strain theory talks about the causation of crimes not directly because of strain but due to failure in tolerating these kinds of stimuli. They are both result of negative impregnation of environmental pressures that in the end leads the client vulnerable to breakdown. The theory suggests that a person performs acts of delinquency not because of attachments or relationships but rather because of the pressuring strain. The crime rates, according to this theory, justify the increased criminal persona in places wherein financial depression or extreme difficulties are present. The last resort of the individuals is nothing but to commit crimes. In an example given, a person is ready to kill just to get the material possession that the person wants to acquire. We can determine some connections between the two since both of them are etiological conceptualizations of criminal behavior. In the case wherein, a depressed community is surrounding a person, significantly full of drug addicts and negative and influencers, a person still strives to obtain moral life. Let us say that this person has a good job as well as good family relationships. The strain in his job is greatly pressuring his everyday living. Fortunately, the person can still withstand such condition. However, because of the influence brought by the environment, such as the person’s peers, he begins declining his work productivity. Given a situation wherein his brothers are hospitalized and he just got fired from work, he badly needs money. In this case, the person breaks down and resort to theft. The situation calls forth occurrence of the two theories in simultaneous condition. The surrounding environment of the client influences the breeding of negative emotions, which cause the person to have fragile stand in his principles. The strain theory becomes evident when the strain of loosing a job and need for money enters in. In the end of the discussion, the person commits the crime based on influential factors as well as straining. Conclusion In conclusion, of this paper, the answer to the proposed questions in the introduction is properly addressed in the body of the research paper. The significance of such theory in criminology is the substantial or even estimated estimate analysis of the person’s criminal behavior origin. In such cases, the authorities require to learn such principles because this can help understand the motives, intentions and plans of the whole crime actions as well as the criminal itself. However, we should not be limited in these two theories alone since, human beings vary the same as their intentions and modes of focus. These theories are not applicable in other cases, therefore the best thing to do is to understand the whole concept of theory and at the same time train the assessment skills in order to avoid theoretical falsehood. References Apel, R., Brame, R., & Bushway , S. (2003, September 1). The effect of teenage employment on delinquency and problem behaviors. Social Forces Dennis, W. E., & Ness, J. L. (2007, March 1). Male Versus Female Substance Abuse Patterns Among Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders: Comparing Strain and Social Learning Variables. Justice Quarterly : JQ Hoffman, J. P. (2003, March 1). A contextual analysis of differential association, social control, and strain theories of delinquency. Social Forces, Holmes, R. M., Maahs, J. R., & Vito, G. F. (2007). Criminology: Theory, Research, And Policy. Jones and Bartlett Publisher. Siegel, L. J., & Senna, J. J. (2004). ntroduction to Criminal Justice. Thomson Wadsworth. Van Gundy, K., & Rebellon, C. J. (2006, July 1). CAN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL DELINQUENCY THEORY EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN MARIJUANA AND OTHER ILLICIT DRUG USE? A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF THE GATEWAY HYPOTHESIS. Journal of Drug Issues